Posts by dssf

No easy way to weed them out since it is plausible that all the major

Investigative and enforcement agencies likely have safehouses as well as multiple shell companies complete with legit ADP accounts and tax reporting cycles and legit employees who have no idea whatsoever that their "employer" is a front organization set up purely to be implantable into just about any convention tangential to their "core competency".

I would not be surprised if many of the startups of the past 10 years were set up by well-groomed students bgoght into "the Organization", tipped by well-placed VCs who were "encouraged" by various intel to "promote" investment in a new, fledgeling group of Stanford, Yale, Harvard, MIT, Columbia, whatever students. Probably 1 out of every 29 new startups has an "operative" in it or on the board and may be insulated well enough to not be kicked off the board no matter what unliked decisions he or she makes. This would make it easy to bring in new, support team members without arousing suspicion of existing employees, other than those perpetually paranoid that an auditor, vendor, or relative of a co-worker is their near-time/near-term replacement.

Well, at least in a movie or actioner or thriller this might be something to posit...

A Super..

Super No Va

Event of cosmic pro portions...

If Apple opens 10 stores in an airport physically in Russia

Apple can avoid paying taxes to the USA, since "technically", they will be in a transit area.

Oh, wait, they might have to set up kiosks that they can remove and fly away every 23 hours, 59 minutes, and rotate in others, to remove the specific kiosks from a daily, persistent presence counted toward tax liability. (Is Snowden still in the "waiting area?"

Apple (and any other mfr/seller) could just keep disappearing behind magic doors and emerge from worm hole-like tunnels, from say, the whipping-ends emanating from the Delta Quadrant. Maybe Putin can play the role of Gul Dukat, and Clinton can play "Adami/Kai Winn". They can battle over the Mosst Akojin, summon the Rwah Paiths, all the while swapping red eyes, palm-throwing lightning/fire bolts, and arguing over the finer points of international/state borders, (consulting their PADDs) hahaha.

Meanwhile, Apple and others can make beelyons of dollars.... Might fund setting up Section 31....

Hell, why not even open up a bank/slush fund in the International/Stateless transit zone? Even set up orbital/orbiting flights to legitimately re-launch/re-land interesting people every 18 hours, flying out of Russian airspace with an e-ticket to the North Pole, then wire-transferring to another plane (like in Executive Decision), then landing back at the terminal, or even gliding down into a magic funnel into another worm hole. Then, the USA might resurrect Star Wars, with precision lasers to burn the chutes and glider wings from high orbit.

Wait, I think I see a Section 31 agent pretending to be an 87-years-old vagabond... her dense duffel looks to be a little to easy to carry... Oh, shi*)E&)#)@

Unmentioned, obvious utility use?

Unmentioned, obvious utility use?

Now, instead of relying on just screen locks and 2-factor authentication, how about:

Program the ring to recognize bio-factor authentication:

-- recognizers user's/owner's pulse and capillary peculiarities

-- receive activation/shutdown sequence by user's secret grunt, breath-holding, and fist-clench action

Also, the ring could contain the vitals and sensitive stuff, so that if the phone is stolen, then at least it has no valuable info on it, yet it still is automatically factory-wiped when out of proximity for more than x-number of minutes, and reporrts itself as stolen, then self-destructs in 30 minutes if left on and the owner does not re-set it. Otherwise, on the restart after a forced or battery-run-down shutdown, the phone could self-destruct (internally).

So, even if a thief cold-cocks the owner and steals the phone AND the magic decoder ring (MDR), the thief has to be able to mimic or coerce an owner.

I now declare this to "Prior Art" by the time it is read by anyone else. Feel free to reproduce and dissiminate widely to prevent the idea from being patented or surreptitiously re-copyrighted.

US Supreme Court says Human DNA May Not be Patented

http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/supreme-court-rules-human-genes-may-not-be-patented/2013/06/13/9e5c55d2-d43d-11e2-a73e-826d299ff459_story.html

"The Supreme Court ruled unanimously Thursday that human genes cannot be patented, a decision that could shape the future of medical and genetic research and have profound effects on pharmaceuticals and agriculture.

The ruling was a split decision for Myriad Genetics Inc., which holds patents on genes that have been linked to breast and ovarian cancer.

Justice Clarence Thomas, writing for the court, said merely isolating those specific genes -- called BRCA1 and BRCA2 — was not worthy of a patent.

“Myriad found the location of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, but that discovery, by itself, does not render the BRCA genes . . . patent eligible,” Thomas wrote.

On the other hand, Thomas wrote, Myriad’s creation of a synthetic form of DNA — called cDNA -- based on its discovery does deserve patent protection.

“The lab technician creates something new when cDNA is made,” Thomas wrote. "

More is written at the URL.

Kill Switch in Lanyard, Cards, and Camera; Devices as ID

LEGAL/POLITICAL TAKE (My killswitch ideas are below):

Let's make what I write below a matter of instant prior art so that the phone manufacturers do not need to worry about patent infringement. I hope this idea is not encumbered by patents. I have not searched, nor am I intentionally trying to step on an existing patent. But, something such as the below needs to happen, and FAST, since the phone makers and carriers have a duty to reduce the risk of their customers' being mugged or killed over a phone.

However, since these phones, phablets, tablets, and laptops contain vast amounts of personal and proprietary data, I hope the SF and NY DAs take the next step: coerce Congress and the Senate and others to declare our legally-owned data-holding electronics to be a form of ID -- virtual and physical, with the full force of law regarding it as criminal as taking a physical ID card. We connect by our devices, and we gain or lose access by cookies, embedded pixels, and more based on what is on our devices. Once stolen by perps, the full force of law, locally and nationally, should regard the theft as an ID theft matter. This should trigger the FBI to be involved because many of these electronics -- the phones in particular end up in Asia and Africa. Some percentage may not be properly wiped, and some are stolen specifically for ID theft purposes. Thus, the FBI should be involved as this becomes an interstate and international crime.

MY IDEAS:

There are three ways I've thought of in under 10 minutes:

1. Lanyard

2. Detachable SD/MicroSD or SIM card as 2-factor authentication

3. Soft-lock with photo/biometrics and random reset code entry per owner set-up

1. Lanyard:

I think there should be an option to have a wired tether/lanyard attached to the USB or other port on the phone. If the perp knocks the owner out, then the owner cannot be coerced to enter a detach code. If the user drops or disconnects the phone, there can be an audible warble or other tone alerting the owner to enter the self-destruct reset code.

If the perp cuts the cable, the phone could self-destruct in 4 seconds, with no recognition of firmware-writing cables and software.

2. Two-Factor-Identification-Capable SD or MicroSD card or Sim Card

Also, if the phone is SD/MicroSD card-capable, then the contents could be automatically encrypted, and the card itself can act as the lanyard/tether/2-factor authentication trigger. This could make it unnecessary to plug the phone into a neck lanyard or subjet the user owner to predatory pricing of 1st or 3rd-party accessories.

3. Soft-lock with photo/biometrics and random reset code entry per owner set-up

If the perp manages to enter the code or coerce the victim to enter the code, then the phone can 5 minutes later and at random intervals prompt the phone holder to point the camera at him/herself and then enter the primary and backup timer reset code. On fail, the phone would self destruct.

Is that a pen/sylus, or is it a power pin?

If that is a power pin, it is a HORRIBLE design. It should be a stubby, right-angle affair that is less obtrusive, and to make the tablet less unwieldy when mounted on after-market/3rd-party rotating/tiltingg stands. I hope it is just an oddly-placed writing stylus for photo opportunty reasons, and not the power pin and attendant wiring.

I would like

A data vault to protect my notes, phone contacts, and data fields. If google wants to impress people, stip letting line, kakao, and other apps from plundering personal info. This is a bug or a feature, depending on who is speaking.

Apps that send and receive data should need a tick box case by case permission to eve SEE user-created or input info. This could help make some.poor code less threatening to users.

Distinctions

Distinctions, Disminctions

I listened to a story about it on Public Radio last night.

Some distinctions, I munge together from listening to other shows not directly related:

-- Pilots can suffer PTSD, disorientation, and have to reconcile being in multiple time zones, attacking and destroying targets and sometimes people (if not on simple recon flights), then leave their hangars/chairs in some Nevada control center, then go to dinner with family or friends

-- Humans in the decision loop can use morals, ethics, and surrender body language to decide to cease fire or take a chance on the surrender being a ruse, but a robot with strict survival and victor protocols/coding may be more ruthless, less forgiving, more thorough, and cause much more carnage if the program behaves in some rampage mode

-- Generals/troops (humans, if caught) can be summoned to war crimes trials/tribunals and be fined, imprisoned, or executed whereas the robots open of a whole new ethics/morality bag of worms to hash out

Also, my take on the audio report was that the concern is not robotic AUVs and missiles, but field-deployed autonomous, patrolling, searching/destroying/"engagement" machines. Not quite terminator, but more lethal than and not as benign-looking as Captain Pike/R2D2/Dalek machines.

Once gyros, accelerometers, balancers, limb controls, and running algorithms are more greatly enhanced, there will be no need for the apparatuses to help troops and marines to carry 2x or 4x the typical combat loads into the the field. These machines will be desert-capable, water-resistant, never thirsty or tired, and probably not even tracked, but maybe bipedal or some clunky-but-still-efficient multi-legged gun mounts, intel cams, and map-making netted bots.

Or, they may simply be the little bug imitators launched to spew toxic gas, release fleschette needles, or otherwise "sting" specific targets or columps of troops and perimeter guards just to grind down the morale and fighting spirit. So, my take on it is these robots might be fitted with LTL (less than lethal) but highly incapacitating and demoralizing tools. This way, even if the machines go rogue, the only likely deaths might result from the exposed who have or are:

-- adverse allergic reaction to shots, or falls from great heights

-- those who pass out near cliffs, balconies, along heavily trafficked roadways, or

-- those trying to swim in deep or forde rough water while under heavy combat loads they cannot shed, and who do not have floatation gear activated.

So, unless the bots learn to make custom ammo and deceive their (human) makers, or gain the ability to destroy aircraft, buildings, infrastructure, and ground vehicles, these robots do not all necessarily have to be totally feared as unstoppable killing machines.

Auto-bricking, Self-Reporting, Authentication Pill

A year or two ago, I was telling people that having a wrist or ingested token of sorts would be useful for auto-killing and auto-reporting one's phone as being lost or stolen. It would be really nice to have the ability to brick my phone should it be taken by force by assholes who don't care about the turmoil caused to victims.

One way it could work is by customizing the incremental and auto-reset, and auto reporting timing. Every few minutes, initiate a reset on a schedule or randomly in a number of clicks, taps, or screen sequence strokes. If the proximity of the device violates a preset value, have it screen-lock even if a conversation is in progress, then have it auto dial 911, broadcast it's last position, and try to snap a photo of the perp or surroundings.

If possible, and if legal, embed a self-immolation feature if such can be safely triggered based on certain handling features. Well, no, that could be dangerous. But, having an authentication, proximity, and telco-based solution means it should be possible for Motorola to PISS OFF ALL the other manufacturers, or, is that mfrs (if you know what I mean) by FORCING them to follow suit.

I declare my idea open source, and herewith prior art as of this writing, based on my prior disclosures in voice and now, by the time people read this, though it is a plan, it is free to be used by any and all. Just one condition: NOONE owns it with any right or power of depriving anyone else of using this. IOW: no asshole cockblockers, m-kay?

hook in some servos so the

RealDolls can prance around in full animatronix glory before the your-ass-is-glass google glasses.

RealDolls can be made more fun by manufacturing them with "hidden" birthmarks, scars, pimples, and other "easter eggs" so that wearers of Google Glasses can "hunt" for the marks.

OTOH, Google Glasses might come in handy for certain types of surgeons and even for obstetricians. The plumbing, wiring, and entertainment circuits can all be one.

Possible new update: Cook calling for single-digit tax; reveals secret 2% Ireland tax

http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2013/may/21/apple-wants-single-digit-corporate-tax

"Apple has called for US corporate tax rates be reduced to "single digits" after it admitted sheltering at least $30bn (£20bn) of international profits in Irish subsidiaries that pay no tax at all.

In a dramatic display of how threats from multinational corporations are driving down taxes across the world, chief executive Tim Cook warned Congress that he would refuse to repatriate a total of $100bn stashed offshore unless it acted to slash the 35% US rate.

He also revealed that Apple had struck a secret deal with the Irish government in 1980 to limit its domestic taxes there to 2%."

If Apple pulls this off, I might have to eat crow and consider being more open to Apple, as much as I'd hate to be sucked into iTunes. An iTunes-untethered/unfettered MacBook Pro (if I ever accumulate the cash) would seem pretty sexy (as long as I get to run (even if in an emulator) PCLOS and run win 7 (for my apps having no suitable alternative in Mac).

Two per cent, secret tax level since ***1980***? Impressive that a secret such as that lasted all these decades.

Nice to see (and hope to see) Apple for once do some SERIOUS, SEARous, and serous ass-kicking on the congretards. OTOH, it would be scary to see the fallout being the IRS, DOJ, and other lettered agencies staging legal retribution againstt corporate offices (Cook, et all) in Apple and on other officers, bookkeepers, accountants, attorneys, etc., of other companies.

Now, Vegas casinos intend to ban GG.

http://www.latinospost.com/articles/19447/20130518/google-glass-privacy-concerns-raised-congress-questions-asked-larry-page.htm

I bed Disney will be next, since GG might capture ride crash incidents more readily than ordinary cameras and camcorders might.

Tax Repatriation Idea...

Tax repatriation scheme 2013-05-17 idea 2, expansion of my idea 1

Reduce the nominal 35% tax to this scheme:

-- All US corporations having substatial money abroad but wishing to repatriate it must, collectively:

-- Pay a 15% income repatriation tax for 2014-2018

-- pay a 10% income repatriation tax for 2019-2040

-- pay off all the college debt incurred but not paid off by USA citizens graduating and failing students who enrolled between 1984-2014, program to end by 2019

-- subsidize by corporate division of student pool the college or continuing education costs of students enrolling in 2013-2060

-- IRS/Uncle Sam DO NOT get to tax the students on any of the subsidy or tuition paid for by the corporations

-- The IRS/USA do NOT get to "offset downward" the obligated support to school districts

-- The corporations DO NOT get to write off the subsidies on the tuitions/grants/etc., since they are getting the right to repatriate income at a very reduced tax rate and because they will benefit from having a US education population treated the way high school students are accorded in some European countries

-- The US Dept of Education gets a number of years to fund the increase in wages/salaries to deserving and continually-educating teachers. Unions would be stripped of rights/powers to protect laggard teachers, helping to further divert funds to increase the salaries of remaining teachers.

Corporations and billionaires could just create some sort of lobby for "participatory tax application" and just tell Congress EFFYOO.

Something HAS GOT to be done about the US education system. It's broken, disproportionately funded, weak, and in need of updating.

Kam-chehh chimeechek!

Earther: KAM-CHEHH ChimeeCHEK!

Gowron: You swear WELL in Klingon, Picard.

(I think he offered him Klingon Blood Wine, or maybe the scene cut to a commercial break/ad insertion, hehehe).......

No Google phone without data plan

No Google phone without data plan...

Since Google is already has my contacts, I wish that Google provided a phone client/tool/app that did not try to verify my phone by phone number, since I do not have a live phone number and do not have a data plan.

I tried installing (what is it? Talk?), but it wanted to verify me by my phone number. I entered my old, expired number on a lark, and of course it failed.

I once wanted to use Kakao, back in late 2011 or early 2012, but the damned app tore through my contact list, without giving me a chance to cherry-pick what contacts Kakao would be able to see. Then, in 2012, when I went to Korea and met up with a friend who either interns in Kakao or knows some one reasonably well-placed in Kakao, I told him how infuriated I was that Kakao combed my contact list, and probably scooped up all sorts of non-phone contacts whom I entered and to which I appended personal notes. Nothing ever became of it, to my awareness.

Just days ago, I was going to try another phone app, but it wanted permission to review and modify my contacts and other things.

WTF is google so goddamned reticent about giving users a private, maximum security vault so as to deny apps from going through our phone lists?

Suppose one keeps several friends or contacts in the phone, one of whom has a permanent restraining order to stay away from another contact in my list. Now, if one of these apps, including google and facebook, start meta analyzing these people and determines we have not listed either on our friends list, but one or both of them has a fb or g+ account but has not told the other, and both set themselves up to be diffficult for the other to be found, then one of these frackin' phoning or chatting apps might one day say, "So and so is a friend of soo an soo.... Why not connect?

This is fu*king dangerous, and there needs to be a powerful lobby to once and for all put an end to this, no matter what the telcos, fb, google, or anyone else thinks or says.

What Kakao and these other apps are doing is akin to peering over the shoulder of someone opening his or her wheelbook (flip-open paper contact/note pad/tablet), and then being quasi-vulnerable to being an agent of a snoop who wants to scan that book of contacts.

Just infuriating.

In the words of Morrisssey...

"Meat is Murder"...

These URLs might interest some: "5 CEOs that truly deserve being fired"

These URLs might interest some: "5 CEOs that truly deserve being fired":

http://www.forbes.com/sites/adamhartung/2012/05/12/oops-5-ceos-that-should-have-already-been-fired-cisco-ge-walmart-sears-microsoft/

"On Steve Ballmere's Gravestone"

http://stream.wsj.com/story/latest-headlines/SS-2-63399/SS-2-230468/

Not taking sides one way or the other... Just sharing the URLs since one is in a Sunday paper I am reading now.

They wanted to exceed 99

Bottles of Beer on the Wall...

Hahahaha

WTF is writing these Govt drafts? Interns? UNIMAGINATIVE Interns?

WTF is writing these Govt drafts? Interns? UNIMAGINATIVE Interns?

"If enacted, the Unlocking Technology Act of 2013 would ensure that any software and firmware that comes with a device can be modified legally by its owner, so long as they have the device physically (or via an agent) under their control, and have a legitimate contract to use a wireless provider's network – and that it isn't used for piracy."

And,

"The need for such legislation stems from a curious decision in October last year to amend the terms of the DMCA to effectively block the unlocking of devices and jailbreaking tablets, which had been legal since 2010. Unlocking's fine if your network provider says so – but so far their attitude is that they'll agree when your contract's up."

I take extremely prejudicial exceptioin to the first para because it forgets to allow for those whose contracts 1) lapsed properly, and 2) also continued month-to-month with no required contractual re-signing (which mine did).

I take exception to the second para because it assumes we have to WAIT for the carrier to ACKNOWLEDGE that our contracts expired, when their damned database should automatically do that without fail, without hesitation, without prejudice, without us having to do a GOD-damned further step to be legally in the clear.

I don't have the connections to ram home, bleedingly so, my terse position, so I hope someone is reading this and has the ability to coerce an emergency re-write of the draft, and who has the connections to tell the wireless telco providers/carrriers that they'll hang by the loins if they obstruct our implicit, no-explanation-needed RIGHT to have our contract-expired phones be in a safe harbor for owner-unlocking and rooting, etc. If the user breaks the law with an unlocked phone, it should not matter whether the phone was legally unlocked, illegally unlocked, or used once or regularly in the commisssion of a crime. Those should be separate events, and the unlocking bit should -- if carried out during the existence of a contract --- an ORIGINAL contract, not a renewed one --- cause only a cancellation of the phone's access to THAT carrier's network.

Severe Competition

DD is probably just doing this because their asses are being kicked by, singly or collectively:

- Krispy Kreme

- Tom-n-Tom's (Tom-Toms, colloquially locally)

- Holly's

- Homestead Coffee

- Caffeine Gurunaru

- Angel in Us

- Angel in You (maybe it is only in Wangshimni, where I drank a few times after it became AiY, probably a location bought out after AiU's lease expired or was bought out)

- Nestle's

- Starbucks

- etc, etc.

I have seen only a few Starbucks in my 6 months there, and only drank at 2 of them only because one of my Korean friends who used to work at one in his early college days thinks fondly of Starbucks.

Other than that, I used the ones I mentioned (Tom-Tom's the most), except Nestles and DD. I used KK once, but found the donuts lacking compared to the US version. Maybe they are healthier -- umm, less unhealthy due to the smaller sizes and lighter ingredients, I dunno.

Mostly, I think the DD and KK use smaller stores (as does one of the Korean shops I mentioned above) because the land costs are so prohibitively pricey. But, most of them are corporate owned, and since Koreans take their coffee SERIOUSLY, having dumped or recently shunned tea), the Ferengi ROA stating "Expand or Die" seems to have gripped the corporates.

DD probably is using this as an intense gimmick. But, too many Koreans eating fattening donuts are going to get fat and have "endtense" experiences. One of my Korean friends in Wangshimni laughed when I lamented, while staring at a woman carting off 3 or 4 boxes of western donuts, around 4PM or so on a Saturday, IIRC), "There are going to be a LOT of FFFFAT Korean pretty soon...."

But, it is funny (and correspondingly sad) to see a young, skinny Korean carrying a strap-banded stack of 3 or 4 boxes....

Instead of retro-rules that *seem* well-intentioned for the users

How about giving us VAULTS to keep voice apps from raiding our contact lists? If we only want a voice app so we can try to compensate for no longer having a phone plan, then, why the hell does a phone app need one-time approval to plunder our contact list? Sometimes, those names in the contact list are not people we talk to but people about whom we make flags/tags/personal notes, and we DAMNED SURE do NOT want 3rd party types being privvy to that stuff.

How about giving us the ability to install and tweak firewalls without having to be root or without having to deal with restrictions imposed by the carrier?

How about making carrier-locked phones become non-carrier-locked when our contracts formally expire? If we do not remain with the carrier, WHY the HELL should their custom ROM impositions remain in force on our phones? For instance, I am no longer with my carrier, but when I installed Google Talk, Google told me it was installing a version customized just for my phone by my carrier, which has not been my carrier for over 11 months. I have not had a phone account in all that time, and yet, Android does not know how to unenslave itself.

I a phone contract expires, and the user does not reactivate it before the number is recycled, and if a Google phone number verification fails, then obviously, the phone contract lapsed and the carrier should no long impose upon the phone, especially if the phone has been month-to-month for a 6 months or a year prior to any other reason the phone is not part of the carrier any more.

Gods, google. You guys and girls need to be more creative and more user-considerate.

Not takings sides one way or the other, but

For all sales involving credit cards or processed via a Visa/MC-like infrastructure, those two companies already KNOW the local tax rates. All they have to do is implement a "VPOS" or "Virtual Point-of-Sale", and assign to the recipient's address the tax the state is after.

If the shipper is required to collec information about the ultimate recipient and use, say:

Business -- Personal Property of Business/Depreciated on a Schedule

Person/Individual/Non-Business -- Personal Property/Gift/Donation

Non-Profit/School/Trust Account -- blah blah blah

then the local jurisdiction would get the money or get the stats/metadata about the taxes they are exempting.

I imagine that that bill will have some clause (and, "claws") about keeping tabs on the flow of money.

As a shipper, shippers might want to collect the info just as a hedge against governments demanding they pay or collect more taxes from the declared (under threat of perjury) destination so that the businesses can say, "THAT tax is NOT ours -- you allowed the below-cutoff-line businesses and individuals to not pay this/that tax...."

Just some thoughts...

Left Hand-Right Hand Probably in Play, to the Benefit of the

Telcos.

With their lobbyists - in a closed session with the Senate/et al), they'll just claim that too-frequent updates (ROMs, Cyanogen, etc.) will disrupt the ability to collect timely info that (they'll claim) helped to avert numerous terrorist acts otherwise likely to occur.

Of course, this assumes the Senate is lame enough to believe the the most hardened terrorists are not smart enough to mod their phones or use evasive, elusive intermediaries.

Of Apes and Men? Dinosaurs?

http://www.necn.com/04/11/13/Ancient-creature-mixed-human-apelike-tra/landing_scitech.html?&apID=ad866428c3ce44239b62189d1761851d

"NEW YORK (AP) — Scientists have gained new insights into an extinct South African creature with an intriguing mix of human and apelike traits, and apparently an unusual way of walking. But they still haven't pinned down where it fits on our evolutionary family tree.

It will take more fossil discoveries to sort that out.

The human branch of the evolutionary tree, called Homo, is thought to have arisen from a group of ancient species called australopithecines. The newly studied species is a member of this group, and so its similarities to humans are enticing for tackling the riddle of how Homo appeared.

It's called Australopithecus sediba (aw-STRAL-oh-PITH-uh-kus se-DEE-bah), which means "southern ape, wellspring." It lived some 2 million years ago, and it both climbed in trees and walked upright. Its remains were discovered in 2008 when the 9-year-old son of a paleoanthropologist accidently came across a bone in South Africa.

A 2011 analysis of some of A. sediba's bones showed a combination of human and more apelike traits, like a snapshot of evolution in action. That theme continues in six papers published online Thursday by the journal Science, which complete the initial examination of two partial skeletons and an isolated shinbone."