Imagine a user...
Not a programmer. Designing software for a home or business PC.
There would be an operating system, which tells the computer what to do.
There would be programmes, which the OS runs to let the users use to do stuff to data.
And there would be data, which the user creates or views
And all three would be separate. And there would be strict rules about what could be passed down from the data ( call that the outer ring) to the programmes and then to the centre ( call that the kernel).
Data would only be allowed to change or address superficial components of the programmes; what to display, what to operate on etc. Stuff that used the programmes' features and nothing else.
Likewise the programmes would tell the core where to store data files, which (permitted) operations to perform with it and nothing else.
And the OS would perform the operations that it is permitted to, with the programmes. And nothing else.
That's how users imagine these things work.
Then programmers come along and spoil it.