Re: Just to make sure I understand
Everything you say is correct, but *in addition*, there is “tromboning”.
The US government maintain the right to have all communications of their own citizens while in other countries, re-routed all the way back to and from the US. This allows them to listen in on their own citizens abroad without having to ask the governments of those states for permission to access the (3GPP standardised) legal intercept interface.
And if you are wondering how the hell the roamed-to network is supposed to verify your citizenship status......