I've had a backup restore
When I moved a number of user accounts from one Active Directory OU to another then deleted the (now empty) OU. Then I discovered that in an act of malice the servers decided that deleting the OU (and all that it contains) should synchronise throughout the domain before the account moves should synchronise. At least that's the only explanation I could come up with for all teh user accounts vanishing.
But, as I said, the backup worked.