Re: 4 is actually an empty set -
Scattered encrypted messages posted over various USENET fora. Requires pre-arrangement, but once in place, messages can be exchanged safely, as they will be lost in the noise (especially in a binary NG).
Has the added advantage of not identifying the recipient(s), which is the biggest problem with any point-to-point messaging. If the spooks know WHO is talking to WHO, then half their work is done.
This isn't a new idea, by the way. It's at least as old as USENET itself.
(Is that a rush of "da kidz" having to look up "USENET" ?)