Re: Is that so?
"Without a victim, there is no crime, [...]"
The UK Sexual Offences bill in 2003 tried to make "indecent exposure" a crime even if there was no one to see it. The recommendation clause 54 had a "virtual victim" definition along the lines of "a hypothetical most vulnerable person who may be caused alarm or distress if they had seen it".
Public consultation objections raised the threshold - particularly to include "intended to cause alarm or distress". Can't remember if the "hypothetical" victim was also replaced by needing an actual person who was there (and not just a police officer).