Shrug
For what it's worth, I have a Surface Pro 4 on Win10 pro and a self-built desktop on Win10 Home, both fully patched with the aniiversary update and subsequent KBs.
Neither have any issue with my Kindle paperwhite, Android phone or any of my cameras when connecting via USB 3 or 2.
The desktop is only used for gaming and photo editing, the Spro is basically the same exept for the gaming.
Maybe it's a confuence of various bits of other software causing the issue? I dunno. I don't tend to install much exept for updates to the stuff already there.
Capture 1 pro, On1 Photosuite and a bunch of games from Steam.