Re: Other makers
"Getting clean diesel engines to work is hard - it's unbelievable that other manufacturers didn't say, "Let's take a look at what VW are doing""
Indeed, modern diesel engines are much more expensive to develop than their petrol driven counterparts, so car manufacturers often cooperate in their design and development (I know of at least one British manufacturer that developed several diesel engines with a French competitor.)
It does therefore seem a little unlikely that only VW know how to do this slight of hand with their engine emmissions. Whether others have put this know-how into practice as well, I guess only time (and screaming headlines) will tell.