"Data" versus "Big Data"
The difference between "data" and "Big Data" is not cut and dried. Most agree it's a matter of scale, but where the line begins and ends varies wildly. This is, I think, a key point.
What seems like merely "data" to one organization that is good at systems integration can seem like "Big Data" to another. And a Big Data dataset, once tamed and understood and become "data" within a single refresh cycle. (Especially if you can bring GPUs and NVMe SSDs to bear on the problem!)
The issues that plague Big Data are identical to the issues that plague traditional systems integration and "data": you need to know what you want from your data before you go forth and create systems to achieve it. Merely collecting all data points under the sun is worthless. You need a goal in mind. You do not simply store bits and bytes on hadoop and *poof*, your company is magically saving money.
Information captured without purpose provides no benefit. Regardless of the size or scale of the data in question, and the purpose of that data is just as often automation as analytics. Indeed, anyone who thinks Big Data stops at providing the raw resource for human-readable analytics has failed to learn from history! Once we've managed to turn large quantities of unstructured data into something a human can understand from an anayltics standpoint we can then start acting on that information in an automated fashion.
Big Data inevitably becomes "just data". No matter the size of the dataset, it inevitably drives automation.
Now, I'm happy to argue the point with anyone willing to put forth an exacting definition of the difference between "data" and "Big Data" that doesn't rely on the underlying technologies used. (Just because you use Hadoop doesn't mean it's Big Data, etc.) And that definition should be one you're willing to put your real names to, and one most practitioners in the field would get behind. Oh, and make the definition one that will forever separate Big Data from data...even as the march of technology moves on and terabyte or even petabyte datasets become commonplace and easy to plow through.
Lacking such a concrete definition I'm going back to my original one: the difference between "data" and "Big Data" is in the eye of the beholder, and the questions about how to use both categories of data to benefit a business are usually the same.