Birthday paradox and "security" services
"It also came to light that on an unnamed credit card company's database, all three men came up as clients, along with 17 others whose date of birth, nationality and first name matched the convicted three. "
One has to wonder whether a basic mathematical statistics course is a requirement for being an investigator in those so-called security services. Let's take myself: I am from a medium-size nation of 200 million or so. Let's assume that it's population is static, the life expectancy at birth is 80 years, and all dates of birth is equally likely. Then, approximately 2e8/(80*365) or some 6500 people would share my date of birth. My first name is not particularly uncommon, with about 5% of males in my country sharing it. Which means that about 150 people will share my day of birth, nationality, first name, and gender.
Given that the number of significant credit card issuers in any given country is quite small - let's say twenty - and that people tend to have more than one credit card these days, the chances are any one of these credit card issuers has ten customers which share my date of birth, gender, and the first name.
And now, assuming I were to do something bad, these people would have their credit cards frozen, and their names flagged in some mega-database of suspicious characters - most likely with no way to get removed from that database, and with no legal remedy available whatsoever.
Nice. That's the way to go.