Having a family of petroleum engineers has allowed me to tour various refinery facilities around the US, and it provides an interesting perspective on how something like a high-volume algae farm COULD practically feed a refinery.
Most refinery complexes are relatively small - a surprise to anyone not familiar with the industry. Typically there will be a couple of refining facilities in a geographical location that take pipeline crude and create fuel, synthetic feedstocks, chemicals, etc.
A sufficiently large algae pond could provide feedstock for a small-medium refining complex, and do so in enough volume to support a regional fuel/chemical infrastructure. If tailored algae or bacteria are used to produce the raw material for the refinery (yes, it will be a decade off in the future at least) small-medium scale producers could proliferate in short order.
Focus the production of the "designer refiners" on specific products (e.g.: jet fuel) and it's only a matter of getting the economics right before they could displace the "conventional" petroleum fed facilities for this role.
This does NOT mean the end to petroleum based refining. Rather "conventional" refineries would quickly change their production to focus on more profitable outputs - like the chemical and plastics feedstocks - boosting their income as well as improving the environment.
Again, this will be determined by economics, not Green wishes or political mandates.
I think my Dad, a former petroleum geophysicist, put it succinctly back in 1969 when the oil depletion allowance was about to be retired:
"There's plenty of dollar a gallon gas sitting out there in the ground..." (Gas was US$0.30/gal when he said this...)