The United States National Academy of Sciences says in "The Polygraph and Lie Detection," (NAS Press, 2003, ISBN: 0309084369) that polygraphs have a very high rate of false positives and susceptibility to countermeasures, and most of all, are too easily manipulated (often unconsciously) by the operator. The Office of Technology Assessment, United States Congress in “Scientific Validity of Polygraph Testing: A Research Review and Evaluation” (ISBN: 1410210707) said the same things.
In other words, the official scientific body of the US Government, the NAS, as well as the US Congress’ OTA, says polygraphs don’t work. Of course, we all know how the US Government’s policies are science driven…
Anyone can be trained to fool the polygraph in just five minutes. All of the spies caught in the US such as Robert Hanssen & Aldrich Ames passed multiple polygraph tests during their careers, and were first detected through other means. No spy has ever been caught in the US based on a polygraph examination.